Romes empire declined and fell

Since mr Schick gave us the packet of the roman empire we started to talk about it in class. We had to highlight some of the key parts in the packet and this is what i highlighted

• In A.D. 476 a barbarian king took over the rule of Rome. 
• the process of decline took place in three stages. first there was a long time of turmoil known by historians as the crisis of the third century. during these years the empire was beset by economic military and political problems. the third was there was a time of revival during which the empire was divided into two parts, eastern and western. and the third was the western half of the empire fell to invaders. 
• trade was disrupted by barbarian raids and by bands of pirates on the Mediterranean sea lanes. they didn't have what people wanted to trade. china, India, and Arabia had little interest in buying such plain goods 
• such and increase in prices is called inflation
• agriculture faced an equally serious crisis, people think that the overworked soil had probably lost much of its earlier fertility 
• throughout the third century, Goths repeatedly overran the legions guarding the Danube frontier 
• partly to keep costs down, emperors. began to recruit barbarians who would accept lower pay. However the loyalty of barbarian troops to the empire could hardly be trusted 

The fall of the Roman Empire

Today in class Mr. Schick gave us a sheet that we had to define some things and also answer questions
Inflation- a huge increase in prices

1. Diocletian- a strong willed army leader and son of a slave, became the new emperor . He tried to restore order in the empire and increase its strength
2. Constantine- he was a war commander. He marched to the Tiber River to fight his cheif rival. He was a strong Christian 
3. Eastern Empire- Constantine won the eastern empire for Rome. It was more successful than any other empire. Byzantium was located in the eastern part. 
4. Western Empire- Latin speaking country 
5. Constantinople- The capital of the eastern empire; was named after Constantine 
6. Huns: a nomadic people from central Asia; they were feared
7. Attila: new leader of the Huns; wanted to conquer the entire empire and failed/withdrew
8. Leo I: First truly powerful pope of Rome; journeyed to Attila's camp causing him to withdraw his forces.

Questions'

• What economic problems did the empire face in the third century? 

- All three of their prosperities dried up. Trade was disrupted by barbarian raids and by bands of pirates on Mediterranean sea lanes. Rome's gold and silver were drained away to buy luxuries from China, India, and Arabia. They couldn't pay their expenses; coins lost 98% silver and prices were sky high.

• By the third century, how had Rome's army changed since the days of the republic? 

- Soldiers now fought strictly for money, not for patriotism. To attract recruits into the army, government promised higher pay. Empires began to recruit barbarians who accepted lower pay but not loyal.

• (a)What important religious change did Constantine bring about in the empire?

- AD 313, he announced an end to the persecution of Christians. He granted "both to the Christians and to all men freedom to follow the religion that they choose." Christianity become a religion approved by emperor because of Milan.

• (b) What political change did he bring about?

Constantine won control of the eastern as well as the western empire. In AD 330, he took the momentous step of moving the capital from Rome to the Greek city of Byzantium in what is now Turkey.

• (a) Why did Germanic tribes invade the empire in the 400's? 

- They were fleeing the Huns; the Huns kept pushing westward and they felt they needed to move westward as well.

• (b) Why was the empire unable to drive the invaders out?

- They couldn't get a strong enough army. They couldn't muster even a medium-sized army to stop the barbarians. 

• (a) List three reasons why Diocletian should be considered a successful empire. 

1. He restored order in the empire & increased its strength
2. Ranked among the greatest emperors.
3. Divided the empire
(b) List three reasons why he might be considered a failure
1. Not all the reforms were totally successful.
2. Wages for new troops added to the already high taxes
3. Price controls failed

Notes for a test tomorrow

Religion-

• The romans had many different Gods, but then Christianity came along which only has one God 
•  a group of Jews decided to have a revolution called the Zealots who decided to break off and create there own country, and they fought and fought but didnt succeed. So the Romans burnt down there holy city except one wall, the Western Wall

Persicution of Christian

• when they first started out the romans were harsh towards them
• Christians had to gather in secret in fear of being persecuted
• they were used as "entertainment" 
• Despite the oppression, Christianity grew quickly around 10% became part of the Roman empire 

The big part of the test is the Four emperors, the persecution of Jews and Christians, and Jesus and Paul
*essay-   Whats the difference between the roman republic and the roman empire
Republic made up of The senate and the consul, democracy, aristocracy and monarchy and when it becomes an empire the emperor rules

I started to studying with Alyssa and we made a study guide

1.       Who was the first Emperor when Rome started there empire? Octavian

2.       Who was the Emperor who was made fun of for speech impediment? Claudius

3.       Why did the Romans persecute Jesus? Because he said he was the son of God and there was a higher kingdom rather than Rome

4.       What is the Pax Romana? A period of peace and prosperity

5.       Why did Tiberius become the next Emperor after Octavian? He was Octavian’s adopted son

6.       Who was the governor of the roman province of Judaeu? Pontius Pilate

7.       Who actually had Jesus prosecuted? Pontius Pilate

8.       How did Paul help start Christianity? He spread the word of Jesus throught Europe

9.       6 influential person? Muhammad, Isaac newton, Jesus , Buddha, Confucius, and Paul of Tarsus  

yay taking notes about Rome!

The Roman Empire-
Octavian- Caesar Augustus

• First Emperor,  began the Pax Romana a period of peace and prosperity 
• built roads, aqueducts (like the plumbing system 
• Set up civil service to take care of roads. the grain  supply, even a postal service
• Did i great job and got stuff done, Augustus dies at the age of 76 in A.D. 14 and passes his power to Tiberius 

Jesus-

• Roman citizen and spent his whole life in the Roman empire
• Was a Jew and at the age of 30 (A.D. 31-33) he preached to the poor and he reached out to the outsiders 
• During his life he really wasn't that popular because he was just a preacher who was sometimes caught by the law 
• "My kingdom is not of this world" made the Romans and the Jews nervous and they began to plan his execution
• The governor of the Roman province of Judaea, Pontius Pilate, was the one who wanted to put Jesus to death by crucifixion , but also the high priest wanted him dead too 
• He is God who came to Earth but he really wasn't popular back then so we aren't really sure for a fact that what is said about him in the Gospels is really accurate 
• Some Christians think that he will return to the Earth one day 
• Paul is instrumental in telling the world about jesus' life death resurrection and message
• He used to hate Christians, one day he fell of his horse and then was blind for three days. After three days he was able to see again and the first thing that he saw was Jesus
• After that he wrote letters and traveled everywhere to share is story and wanted to set up out post to the Church. 
• He got as far as Spain and Britain. Jesus is the central figure of the worlds largest religion all because of Paul spreading around his story
• He is actually the 6th most influential people in history 

Tiberius-

• Back then they wanted to figure out who was next in line after the leader dies so they normally adopt people and thats what Octavian did with Tiberius 
• Didn't get along with the senators, said "they are fit to be slaves"
• Germanicus started out as TIberius' ally, since he quelled a legion mutiny, but when it looked like he would succeed Tiberius he got paranoid and had Germanicus killed 
• Died in AD 37 at the age of 77 

Caligula- a good start

• Started off well being Germanices son, he was Tiberius adopted grandson and great nephew
• Gave bonuses to those in the military, declaring treason trials a thing of the past and made government spending a matter of public records (said where the people tax dollars are going) 
• Began to fight with the senate, claimed he was a God so then he wanted to display in statues of him in temples especially in Jewish Temples which made them mad
• He slept with other mens wives and bragged about it, indulged in too much spending and sex, and even tried to make his horse a consul and a priest (at least thats what critics said) 
• Assassinated by his own aides AD 41 (age 28) 

Claudius-

• Was made fun of people he had a speech impediment but then when he was emperor they stopped making fun of him
• He rose to the occasion; he concurred Britain; he built roads canals and aqueducts; he renovated the Circus Maximus  
• He had an awful marriage to Messalina, who was quite often unfaithful to him, even plotting to seize power for her lover Silius through a coup- so Claudius had them killed 
• That was his 3rd marriage and then married again

Religion-

• Christianity and Judaism: monotheistic 
• Roman had many gods, plus at times the emperor was viewed as a god 
• AD 66: a group of Jews called the Zealots tried to rebel, but Roman Troops put them down and burned their temple (except for one wall) 
• The Western Wall today is the holiest of all Jewish shrines (also known as the wailing wall) 

YAY hundred!

Today in class, first i had to go out in the hallway to take a Rome test. The way i studied was i used the Rome Rap and read over the Papers you emailed us. The test was really easy and i think i got a hundred on it! When i was finished my test i came back into class and they were reviewing the Greek test. We are going to use the sheet he gave us for our final exam. We then reviewed the Rome test and the answers. That how i think i got a hundred and i really hope i did because then it will raise up my grade and i am trying to keep my grade up by this blog post so i hope it all works out perfectly!

Presentations

Clark and billy- Government
Better to not have a tyrant
Had three different governments

• Democracy
• Aristocracy 
• Monarchy 

Aristocratic families of Rome
Best treated families
Plebeians- lower class , all citizens, weren't slaves
Better Army-

• Legion (5000 men)
• Centuries was a subgroup in the Legion
• This was good because they could move all directions

Carthage was located at the top of Africa on the Mediterranean  Sea and it was very wealthy because of Trade . Enemies with Rome. Hannibal is the Leader of Carthage so he moves his troops through Spain and walk all the way around to Rome attacking them.

Caitlin, Emma, and Cole-
Latifundia- a large farm that were formed
Hannibal destroyed there farms home and villages
They sold there land to the wealthy and moved to Rome  

The Gracchus brothers- Tiberius and Gauis they were Plebian brothers. Attempted to pass land to reform legislation. Founding Fathers in socialism and populism.
Tiberious- first one to become tribune.. clubbed to death
Gaius- Tribunes, most of the legislation passed but another tribne turned against him. The petition spread rumors about the brothers so the people turned against him
Land legislation- tried to get back everyones land. they thought the rich are getting to much land and the poor aren't getting anything

Kamau and Taylor
Julius Caesar- Group of three people were Triumverat, Ceaser Crassus and Pompie.  
Caesar choose Crassus because he was a veryyyyy rich and was a military leader to become in the Triumverate. Crassus died in the battle of Gull
Pompie- Military leader wanted to be an allies with Caesar but then was a enemy

Alyssa and Catherine
Julius Caeser- Family was patriction ranked, Became a dictator for only a little, Died on march 15 called the Ides of March and was stabbed 23 times, they killed him because they thought he was becoming to powerful, Dictator and perpetuity means he is the dictator for life,
Junius Brutus- was a Roman Politician  who killed Julius Caesar
Gaius Cassuis was a Roman senator who killed Julius Caesar

Cailtin and Gracie-
Julius Caesar- Birth name was Gaius Julius Caesar. he died in the Theater of Pompey. Brutus was one of his close friends who also participated in stabbing Caesar.

Where is Mr. Schick?

Today in class Mr. Schick was not here. We had to go to Mrs. Zurkowski room instead of staying in his room all along. As other people worked on there projects, Katie Cooper and i were all done so we really didnt do anything. I did have the time to write this blog and i also did some other homework. I also at time to time helped Alyssa and Catherine with there project which was kinda fun. We didn't really do anything else so i hope you hurry back to class soon!!

Octavian the Exalter

Today in class we talked about the rap and what was in our rap. I was paired with Kaite Cooper and we are doing a presentation on the 6th paragraph which is mostly on Octavian. Caesar's nineteen-year-old great-nephew, Gaius Octavius Thurinus, entered Rome to claim his inheritance. Caesar's will had named him chief heir and adopted him as his son, making his name now Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus. Octavian, Antony, and Lepidus formed an official three-man government, called “the second triumvirate”.

·         It was fought between Octavian and the combined forces of Mark Antony and Cleopatra VII

·         The war was on September 2, 31 BC on the Ionian Sea near Actium Greece

·         During the war Octavian tried to make a trues with Antony but he rejected, so then they prepared for battle the next year

·         They fought by ships

·         On the First day of September, Octavian issued his fleet to move around Antony’s.  In fear of being surrounded, Antony gave word to attack.

·         Since Antony was surrounded, Octavian pushed Antony’s fleet toward shore. Antony forced a hole through  Octavian’s fleet and that is where he and Cleopatra escaped.

·         Octavian won the battle and was awarded the title of Augustus

·         This war was the end of the Roman Republic and the beginning of the Roman Empire.