3/25/11

Today in class i got my project subject. I am doing the Peloponnesian War. It is a war the was fought by the Greeks in Athens against Peloponnesian. It was fought in 431 to 404 BC. It was divided into three phases. i Think i am going to make a movie of the three stages of the Peloponnesian War.  Also in class we talked about Cole and how Billy Decker is going to bake him a cake in the shape of a baseball. Then we thought that maybe it would bring back some sad memories for Cole so we are going to bake a cake in the shape of a Spartan head so then Alyssa can bring in some swords for her project and then slash the Spartans head.

Greeks the movie 3/21

• PERICLES- was the leader of Athens during hight of Athens. and brought democracy into its climax. 
• The started to build the Parthenon. Pareclese was directly involved with the Parthenon. 
• It is the symbol for Athens. They had a 40 ft high sculpture of Athena. The parthenon freeze which is a wall of sculpted figures of Athenians. 
• They were built on the Acropolis
• He knew was the people of Athens wanted 
• Wanted to make the greatest city possible. 
• Aspsia was beautiful forgeing born wrote Pericles speeches 
• Greeks invented Drama and would make fun of people of present day  and with also tragedies 
• Edipiss was a character in a story who married his mother and killed his father. He solved the riddle of the sphinx. He did his mom so he ripped out his eyes 
• Athens 431 BC Pereclese presents Athenians with war with city state Sparta. This was a bad idea because Spartans have a frees om military force. 
• Athens power laid in there Navy and Spartans power was on land. they would abandon Athens and hide. Perclese would use the Navy to attack the Spartans by the sea. The are gonna trap Sparta and cut them off from there supplies 

Greek the movie notes 2

Greek the movie notes

• Clithesnease was brought up to be a aristocratic 
• the people in Athens took there destiny into there own hands. they rose up in Revolution. Hysagarous was forced to surrender. The year was 508 bc
• first time in recorded history that people rose up 
• Clithenease has a agora that they go to meet and discuss there problems and address there fellow citizens. they would put a black pebble for yes and a white pebble for no 
• 490 BC Pheidippides ran miles to tell athens that the Persians were coming to try to take rule of Athens 
• Persians were from india in the east, covering some of egypt and most of the middle east 
• When they face the Persians on the battle field they were out numbered 2 to 1 
• Thimsticolese 

Greek 3/14

Greece- located in the Mediterainean sea.
Geography of Greece

• mountainous peninsula. Mountains cover 3/4 
• approximately 1,400 islands in the Aegean and Ionian Seas 
• location shaped its culture
• skilled sailors
• poor natural resources 
• difficult to unite the ancient Greeks because  of the terrain; developed small, independent communities 
• approximately 20% suitable for farming
• fertile valleys cover 1/4 of peninsula 
• Because of geography the Greek diet consists of grains, grapes, olives 
• lack of resources most likely led to Greek colonization 
• temperatures range from 48 in the winter to 80 in the summer

Mycenaeans

• began around 2000 BC
• Mycenae is located on a rocky ridge and protected by a 20 ft thick wall
• Mycenaean kings dominated Greece from 1600-1200 BC
• controlled trade in the region
• 1400 BC Mycenaeans invaded Crete and absorbed Minoan culture and language

Culture and Decline

• around 1200 BC sea people began to invade Mycenae and burnt palace after palace 
• the Dorians moved into the war-torn region
• far less advanced 
• economy collapsed 
• writing disappeared for 400 years 

Homer and Myths

• only stories wer kept and passed on by word of mouth 
• homer lived at the end of the Greek Dark Ages
• Recorded stories of the Trojan War in the lliad and The Odyssey (written 750-700 BC)
• Trojan War was probably one of the last conquest of the Mycenaeans 

Greeks (the movie)

• Themisticles was one of the best warriors; philosities one of the greatest philospheres
• In Athens in 508 BC the people turned on their rulers. Clithensease was the ruler of Athens. He was an orsticate  His brother in law, Pythistrasis, came to Athens demanding to rule. His brother in law turned to the modern people for support. He kind of sucked up to the townspeople. 
• He was born an aristocratic which were the ones who made decisions in the community. Athens was built around the acropolis. 
• many farmers and tradesmen. Normally the people couldn't read or write and the life expectancy was 15 years. The people would live under the rule of the aristocrats. They didnt have a part or share in anything.
• athens was kind of turned against each other because the arosticrates were agaisnt the smaller people like  the farmers. The arsitocrates made them do so much and for little pay that they were kinda of considered slaves. 
• Greece didn't have very good land for a civilization. Too many mountains and had no open rivers. The land did produce excellent olive trees for the people to live off of
• Greece was divided into little sections called city states. Athens, Argus, Carithans, Sparta* 
• Carintheans dominated trade and sailed many ships. Sparta which was known for the army. Spartans were raised to be solders. Separated from their parents and worked in the fields. Capes died red so their enemy's wouldn't know when they were injured.
• Sparta was a really big city state so they were always a threat to the rest of Greece. 
• A hero was when you fought a lot of people and de-flowered a lot of girls. They were found in stories by Homer. The poems are called epics 
• Greece was in a great place for trade because they are around all of the other countries that are willing to trade for there Olive Oil 
• There greatest invention was the Vase. The artisans were considered the lowest of the low in society. the designs on them were based off of Egyptian paintings. Some of the vases today can be up to 1 million dollars 
• When Pythistresus died his son took over, and became a Tyrant. Hipias executed and tortured people because he was afraid that he would loose power. Tithinese  defeated Hipias and became what people would call a hero. He then also thought that people were against him so by trying to keep holding power he would kill. 
• The Olympic games were so that people could display them being a hero. They games they would participate in were chariot racing, running wrestling and boxing. Greeks would travel for many miles just to see the games. 
• Hysagarus sent a message to the Spartans to help him betray his city to gain power. Tithinese left Athens with the Spartans there with Hysagarus in power. The people then rose up in revolution. On the third day Hysagarus was forced to serenader. this was the first time in recorded history that the ordinary people rose up against there leader. 
• Clithenease tried to over throw Hipias regain power 
• the Athenian people ask Clithenese to come back from exile and rule once again. His goal this time when he is ruler is to make everything fair and decided to make a place where the townspeople can meet and decide on their future. This was known as democracy. It was a system of Government that would expand this state. 
• a new generation of Athenians that would have to make new decisions with war. 
• Phytipades ran for many miles to tell Athens that his land was going to be conquered by the Persians who were the most powerful people in the Ancient world. 
• Sant Daryus was the leader of the Persians. The Persians were known for the obedience and slavery. Athens were out numbered 2 to 1 so they reached out to their rivals in Sparta. Sparta refused to fight with them so the Athenians had to fight on there own. 
• The Athenians slaughtered 6000 Persians in one day. Little did they know that the war with Persia had just begun. 
• Thimisticles was the leader of the army in Athens. In the year 480 BC Athenian found a huge amount of silver and Thimisticles asked to spend it on ships. 

Greece

Barbarians- a person living outside north of the Roman empire; meaning "anyone who is not Greek"; a fierce, brutal, insenstive, uncultured,and cruel person; pretty much anyone who didnt live in Greece

Ionia- the ancient regionof central coastal Anatolia in present day Turkey; the city of Ionia was founded by colonist from the other side of the Aegean sea; a larger part of the area was covered in mountains; none of the mountains were larger then 4,00 feet; it has three extremely fertile valleys that rivers ran through; very strategic.

Cyrus the Great- means "sun-like" in Greek' Father of the iranian nations; Cyrus founded the first world empire

Darius the Great- he was the kinda of Persia; was known to be one of the greatest ruler of the Persian Dynasty; was known for strengthen the empire and  protect his people; Invaded Greece to punish them

Battle of Marathon- the date may have been August or September 12 490 BC; Greeks left their mainland and ended up in Ionia; Ionia was later taken over by Peria; the Greeks didnt like the way the Persians ruled and they out in battle; important even for the Greek cause it was the first victory in the Persian war

Xerxes- was the king of Persia in 486 BC; when he came into he started to plan to invade Greece;

Leonitdas- one of the first kings to go under spartan training;

Peloponnese

Facts on Egypt

Ancient Eygpt

·         Geography:  Egyptian life is centered around the Nile river

                  It is where 95% of people lived. The source of the Nile River is mountains in Africa. It is used for water for drinking, irrigating, and bathing. It floods every July. Egyptians were the first to have a calendar based off of three reasons: solar day calendar, lunar month calendar, and a solar year calendar. Every October it leaves behind rich soil, the delta is a broad, marshy triangular area of fertile soil. Managing the river required technological breakthroughs in irrigation. They built canals and dams to help with the river.

·         Daily life: slaves and servants, farmers, artisans, merchants, scribes, soldiers, government officials, pharaohs.  Slaves helped the wealthy with household and child raising duties. Farmers raised wheat, barely, lentils, onions- benefited from irrigation of the Nile. Artisans would carve statues, would show military battles, after life (your life after you die), everyday life. Money/ barter system was used – merchants might accept bags of grain for payment – later, coinage came out. Scribes kept records, told stories, wrote poetry, described anatomy and medical treatments. They wrote in hieroglyphs and in hieratic. Soldiers used wooden weapons (bow and arrows, spears) w/ bronze tips and might ride chariots.  Upper class, known as the “white kilt class”- priest, physicians, engineers. Religious and political leader. Pharaohs is the political and religious leader of the Egyptian people, holding the titles: “Lord of the Two Lands” and the “High priest to every Temple”. Pharaoh was the ruler of Upper and Lower Egypt. He owend all the land, made laws and collected taxes.  He was considered the chosen one by the gods, so if something bad happened to a lot of people, he was blamed and was not the “chosen one” anymore.

·         Pharaohs: the political and religious leader of the Egyptian people, holding the titles: “Lord of the Two Lands” and the “High priest to every Temple”. Pharaoh was the ruler of Upper and Lower Egypt. He owned all the land, made laws and collected taxes.  He was considered the chosen one by the gods, so if something bad happened to a lot of people, he was blamed and was not the “chosen one” anymore. Normally men but Hatshepsut was one women pharaoh, also Cleopatra VII but more for Greece.

·         Pyramids: most famous pyramid is the Great Sphinx of Giza. Built 2555-2532BC. A recumbent lion with a humans head. Oldest monumental statue in the world. 

Egypt today:

·         Econmy: tourism (who wouldn’t want to see the pyramids?) Since the revolution the tourism has been to great

·         Oil, natural gas, manufacturing

·         Agriculture- making the most of their limited arable land (3%)

Cotton, corn, rice, wheat, fava beans

·         The old pattern of dealing with the Nile pere (land emerges from the flood), and shomu (water is short) has been changed since the 1970 building of the Aswan High Dam

·         The dam controls the flooding of the Nile, and increases the amount of reclaimed land

Demographics- 79 million people, biggest population of Middle Eastern nations

            Cairo: 6.7 million

            NYC: 8.3 million

·         Official language: Arabic (English, French, German are also taught to come)

·         Religion: around 90% Muslim, most of the rest Christian, (Coptic), but there are major conflicts (Egypt is 12^th in religious violence, 5^th worst religious freedom

Olitics, government, revolution

1922- end of protectorate with the united Kingdom

1953- Egypt declared a Republic

1954-1970: ruled by Gamal Nasser

·         Nationalizes the Suez Canal

·         Forms allegiance with Soviet Union

1970-1981: ruled by Anwar Sadat

·         Switches allegiance to the United States

·         Attacked Isreal over Sinai Peninsula, but later made peace

·         Isreal grabbed some part of the Peninsula

·         Sadat assassinated in 1981

1981-2011: ruled by Hosni Mubarak

·         Kept alliance with US (helped in the Iraq war)

·         Accused of corruption, political persecution, human rights violations

·         Driven from office following mass demonstrations last month

So whats next?

·         Egypt currently ruled by military junta, but democratic elections scheduled for September 2011

·         Some want Mubarak arrested and tried for embezzling from the government. Our friend Sarah and other Egyptians say he may have stolen $50-70 billion.

·         Revolution is in the air throughout the middle East and northern Africa: Tunisia, Yemen, Algeria, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Syria and Libya

·         Libya has been ruled by Muammar Gaddafi since 1969

o   He is violently opposing Libya’s uprising

o   Libya may descend into full civil war

o   The east is controlled by rebels, but he still holds the capital (Tripoli)- so far